外閉鎖筋 ( がいへいさきん、英:obturator exterus muscle )
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・その停止腱は確認できる場合と大腿方形筋に覆われて確認できない場合がある。
・「内閉鎖筋と外閉鎖筋の筋腹の厚さは、起始である閉鎖膜付近でそれぞれ約1㎝である。」(骨格筋の形と触察法)
・「プロメテウス解剖学アトラス」では、この外閉鎖筋を内転筋群(計7つ)の1つとしている。
以下は「船戸和也のHP」の解説文となる。
「外閉鎖筋は閉鎖膜外面および閉鎖孔内下方の骨縁に起こる。腹内側へ走り、股関節の背側で大腿骨頚と頭をまわりこんでから錐状の停止腱に移行し、腹外側へ向かって転子窩に停止する。」
また、「Rauber-Kopsch 解剖学」には「変異」ということで以下のような解説文が見られる。
「この筋はほとんど変化しない.閉鎖神経および閉鎖動静脈によって,しばしば2つの部分に分れている.上方の小さい方の部分は恥骨枝の寛骨臼部から起っている.外閉鎖筋の腱が(きわめてまれに)股関節の関節包に終ることがある.」
 
         
            
          
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「 大腿を外側方に回転(外旋)するとともにこれを上げ、また内転する。」 ( 日本人体解剖学 )

・ 神 経 : 閉鎖神経(L3, L4)
 The external obturator muscle, obturator externus  muscle (/ˌɒbtjʊəˈreɪtər ɪkˈstɜːrnəs/; OE) is  a flat, triangular muscle, which covers the outer surface of the anterior wall  of the pelvis.
             It is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of thigh, and sometimes considered  part of the gluteal region.
【Structure】
 It arises from the margin of bone immediately around the medial side of  the obturator membrane and  surrounding bone, viz., from the inferior pubic ramus, and  the ramus of the ischium; it also arises from the medial  two-thirds of the outer surface of the obturator membrane, and  from the tendinous arch which completes the canal for the passage of the  obturator vessels and nerves.
             The fibers springing from the pubic arch extend on to the inner surface of  the bone, where they obtain a narrow origin between the margin of the foramen  and the attachment of the obturator membrane.
             The fibers converge and pass posterolateral and upward, and end in a  tendon which runs across the back of the neck of the femur and lower part of  the capsule of the hip joint and is inserted into the trochanteric fossa of  the femur.
  【Relations】
             The obturator vessels lie between the muscle and the obturator membrane;  the anterior  branch of the obturator nerve reaches the thigh by  passing in front of the muscle, and the posterior  branch by piercing it.
            【Variation】
             In 33% of people a supernumerary muscle  is found between the adductor brevis and minimus. While  this muscle, when present, is similar to its neighbouring adductors, it is  formed by separation from the superficial layer of the external obturator, and  is thus not ontogenetically related  to the adductor  muscles of the hip. This muscle originates from the upper  part of the inferior pubic ramus from  where it runs downwards and laterally. In half of cases, it inserts into the  anterior surface of the insertion aponeurosis of the adductor minimus.  In the remaining cases, it is either inserted into the upper part of the pectineal line or  the posterior part of the lesser trochanter.
             It has been demonstrated by the course of the posterior branch of obturator nerve that  the obturator externus is divided into a superior muscle fascicle and a main belly. The supernumerary  muscle described above originates from the superior fascicle, while an  anomalous fascicle — also derived from the external obturator  —  originates from the main belly. The "original" external obturator,  i.e. without these supernumerary muscular parts, actually occurs in only 20% of  cases, and apparently the external obturator readily undergoes ontogenetic variations.
【Function】
The external obturator muscle acts as the lateral rotator of the hip joint. As a short muscle around the hip joint, it stabilizes the hip joint as a postural muscle. It also helps to adduct the hip joint when in flexion.
【 語 句 】
・pelvis:骨盤 ・gluteal:殿部の ・obturator membrane:閉鎖膜 ・inferior pubic ramus:恥骨下枝 ・ischium:坐骨 ・pubic arch:恥骨弓 ・capsule:関節包 ・trochanteric fossa:転子窩 ・femur:大腿骨 ・obturator nerve:閉鎖神経 ・pierce:貫通する ・supernumerary:規定数以上の ・adductor brevis:短内転筋 ・ontogenetically:個体発生的に? ・aponeurosis:腱膜 ・adductor minimus:短内転筋 ・pectineal line:恥骨筋腺 ・lesser trochanter:小転子 ・ muscle fascicle:筋束 ・anomalous:例外の、変則の ・derive:引き出す、得る











