閉鎖動脈 とは
・「 内腸骨動脈の前枝より起こり 」( 船戸和弥のホームページ )
※「 Wikipedia 」によれば、前枝からではなく内腸骨動脈の本幹から分岐する場合もある模様。
・ 起始する動脈に関しては、内腸骨動脈の外に以下のものがある。( 参考 : Wikipedia )
上殿動脈、 外腸骨動脈、 下腹壁動脈
以下は内腸骨動脈の枝を簡単に表したものとなる。 参考:「 日本人体解剖学 」
1 . 梨状筋の前面で?、内腸骨動脈の前枝より分岐する。
2 . 閉鎖孔に向けて下外側方に下行するが、その途中で腸骨枝を分岐する。
3 . 恥骨枝を分岐してから閉鎖神経・静脈とともに閉鎖管を通過する。
4 . 閉鎖管を出て(= 骨盤を出て)すぐに前・後の2枝に分岐する。
閉鎖動脈は骨盤の内部において、閉鎖管に入る前に恥骨枝を出し、閉鎖管を通って骨盤を出てから前枝と後枝に分岐する。また、後枝は寛骨臼枝を分岐する。
以下は「 Wikipedia 」の解説文となる。
「 The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery that passes antero-inferiorly (forwards and downwards) on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior branch.
【 Structure 】
In the pelvic cavity this vessel is in relation, laterally, with the obturator fascia ; medially, with the ureter, ductus deferens, and peritoneum; while a little below it is the obturator nerve.
Inside the pelvis the obturator artery gives off iliac branches to the iliac fossa, which supply the bone and the Iliacus, and anastomose with the ilio-lumbar artery ; a vesical branch , which runs backward to supply the bladder ; and a pubic branch, which is given off from the vessel just before it leaves the pelvic cavity.
The pubic branch ascends upon the back of the pubis, communicating with the corresponding vessel of the opposite side, and with the inferior epigastric artery.
【 語 句 】
・ internal iliac artery : 内腸骨動脈 ・ pelvis : 骨盤 ・ obturator foramen : 閉鎖孔 ・ obturator canal : 閉鎖管 ・ obturator fascia : 閉鎖筋膜 ・ ureter : 尿管 ・ ductus deferens : 精管 ・ peritoneum : 腹膜 ・ iliac fossa : 腸骨窩 ・ Iliacus : 腸骨筋 ・ anastomose with ~ : ~ と吻合する ・ ilio-lumbar artery : 腸腰動脈 ・vesical branch : 陰嚢枝? ・ bladder : 膀胱 ・ pubic branch : 恥骨枝 ・ pubis : 恥骨 ・ corresponding : 対応する ・ inferior epigastric artery : 下腹壁動脈
【 Outside the pelvis 】
After passing through the obturator canal and outside of the pelvis, the obturator artery divides at the upper margin of the obturator foramen, into an anterior branch and a posterior branch of the obturator artery which encircle the foramen under cover of the obturator externus.
The anterior branch of the obturator artery is a small artery in the thigh and runs forward on the outer surface of the obturator membrane and then curves downward along the anterior margin of the obturator foramen.
It distributes branches to the obturator externus, pectineus, adductors, and gracilis muscle, and anastomoses with the posterior branch and with the medial femoral circumflex artery.
The posterior branch of the obturator artery is a small artery in the thigh and follows the posterior margin of the foramen and turns forward on the inferior ramus of the ischium, where it anastomoses with the anterior branch.
It gives twigs to the muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity and anastomoses with the inferior gluteal artery. It also supplies an articular branch which enters the hip-joint through the acetabular notch, ramifies in the fat at the bottom of the acetabulum and sends a twig along the ligament of head of femur ( ligamentum teres ) to the head of the femur.
The blood supply to the femoral head and neck is enhanced by the artery of the ligamentum teres derived from the obturator artery. In adults, this is small and doesn't have much importance, but in children whose epiphyseal line is still made of cartilage ( which doesn't allow blood supply through it), it helps to supply the head and neck of the femur on its own.
The articular branch is usually patent until roughly 15 years of age. In adults it does not provide enough blood supply to prevent avascular necrosis in upper femur fractures.
【 語 句 】
・ obturator externus : 外閉鎖筋 ・ thigh : 大腿 ・ pectineus : 恥骨筋 ・ adductors : 内転筋群 ・ gracilis muscle : 薄筋 ・ medial femoral circumflex artery : 内側大腿回旋動脈 ・ inferior ramus of the ischium : 坐骨下肢 ・ twig : 小枝 ・ ischial tuberosity: 坐骨結節 ・ inferior gluteal artery : 下殿動脈 ・ acetabular notch : 寛骨臼切痕 ・ ramify : 分岐する ・ acetabulum : 寛骨臼 ・ ligament of head of femur : 大腿骨頭靭帯 ・ be enhanced by ~ : ~によって高められる ・ ligamentum teres : 円索 ・ derived from ~ : ~ 由来の ・ epiphyseal line : 骨端線 ・ patent : 明白な
【 Variation 】
The obturator artery sometimes arises from the main stem or from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, or it may arise from the superior gluteal artery ; occasionally it arises from the external iliac.
In about two out of every seven cases it arises from the inferior epigastric and descends almost vertically to the upper part of the obturator foramen. The artery in this course usually lies in contact with the external iliac vein, and on the lateral side of the femoral ring (Figure A on diagram). It can also pass medial to the femoral ring along the margin of the lacunar ligament (Figure B). In either case it would be at risk of injury during the operation to repair a femoral hernia, whether the hernia is reducible, incarcerated or strangulated. When the obturator artery travels along the lacunar ligament, it nearly encircles the femoral ring and can be lacerated during a femoral hernia repair. Most femoral hernias are repaired through a small (1/2 to 3/4 inch) incision in the groin area, rather than through the abdomen, so if a laceration were to occur, bleeding may not be immediately recognized and result in significant blood loss into the peritoneal cavity. Because of this danger, the anatomic variant in Figure B is sometimes referred to as the "crown of death" (corona mortis) .[1][2] 」
【 語 句 】
・ superior gluteal artery : 上殿動脈 ・ external iliac (artery) : 外腸骨動脈 ・ inferior epigastric (artery) : 下腹壁動脈 ・ in contact with ~ : ~ に接して ・ femoral ring : 大腿輪 ・ lacunar ligament : 裂孔靭帯 ・ hernia : ヘルニア ・ reducible : 縮小することができる ・ incarcerated : 幽閉される ・ strangulated : 絞扼して阻害された ・ lacerate : 引き裂く、傷つける ・ incision : 切り込み、切開 ・ groin area : 鼡径部 ・ peritoneal cavity : 腹腔 ・ variant : 異なる
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