Visual Anatomy 視覚解剖学

肩甲背神経　（脊髄神経）　（けんこうはいしんけい、英： dorsal scapular nerve ）

　　　（ Wikipedia、イラスト掲載サイト）

　肩甲背神経とは

　以下は「日本人体解剖学 (上巻) 」の解説文となる。

「運動性。　第5頚神経から起こり、中斜角筋を貫き、後斜角筋と肩甲挙筋との間を通って肩甲挙筋に枝を出し、次いで肩甲骨と脊柱との間を頚横動脈に沿って後下方に走り、大・小菱形筋に至る。」

　以下は腕神経叢の鎖骨上部の神経の簡単な図となる。

鎖骨上部の神経・模型図

走行・支配する筋

　以下は「 Wikipedia 」の解説文となる。

「　The dorsal scapular nerve arises from the brachial plexus, usually from the plexus root (anterior/ventral ramus) of the cervical nerve C5. Once the nerve leaves C5 it commonly pierces the middle scalene muscle, and continues deep to levator scapulae and the rhomboids (minor superior to major).
It provides motor innervation to the rhomboid muscles, which pull the scapula towards the spine and levator scapulae muscle, which elevates the scapula.
Injury to this nerve is usually apparent on inspection when the scapula on the injured side is located farther from the midline than the uninjured scapula. The patient would be unable to pull their shoulder back, as when standing at attention. Isolated dorsal scapular nerve injury is uncommon, but case reports usually involve injury to the scalene muscles.[1]
The nerve is accompanied by one of two arteries: either the dorsal scapular artery (the only artery that branches off the third part of the subclavian artery, although its origin is highly variable in humans) or, when the dorsal scapular artery is absent, the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery. The latter is one of three arteries branching off the thyrocervical trunk, a branch of the first part of the subclavian artery, with the other two branches being the suprascapular artery, and the inferior thyroid artery.　」