・エラスチン線維とも。
弾性線維は「弾性系線維」の1つともいえる。
以下は「Wikipedia」の解説文となる。
Elastic fibers (or yellow fibers) are an essential component of the extracellular matrix composed of bundles of proteins (elastin) which are produced by a number of different cell types including fibroblasts, endothelial, smooth muscle, and airway epithelial cells. These fibers are able to stretch many times their length, and snap back to their original length when relaxed without loss of energy. Elastic fibers include elastin, elaunin and oxytalan.
Elastic fibers are formed via elastogenesis, a highly complex process involving several key proteins including fibulin-4, fibulin-5, latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 4, and microfibril associated protein 4. In this process tropoelastin, the soluble monomeric precursor to elastic fibers is produced by elastogenic cells and chaperoned to the cell surface. Following excretion from the cell, tropoelastin self associates into ~200 nm particles by coacervation, an entropically driven process involving interactions between tropoelastin's hydrophobic domains, which is mediated by glycosaminoglycans, heparan, and other molecules.These particles then fuse to give rise to 1-2 micron spherules which continue to grow as they move down from the cells surface before being deposited onto fibrillin microfibrillar scaffolds.
【 語 句 】
・extracellular matrix：細胞外基質 ・fibroblast：線維芽細胞 ・endothelial cell：内皮細胞 ・smooth muscle cell：平滑筋細胞 ・airway epithelial cells：気道上皮細胞 ・elastin：エラスチン ・elaunin：エラウニン（繊維） ・oxytalan：オキシタラン ・elastogenesis：弾性繊維形成 ・latent：潜伏性の ・tropoelastin：トロポエラスチン ・soluble：溶解できる ・monomeric：単量体の ・precursor：前身 ・chaperon：? ・excretion：排泄 ・coacervation：コロイド脱混合現象 ・entropically：エントロピー的に ・interaction：相互作用 ・hydrophobic：疎水性の ・domain：領域？ ・mediate：成立させる ・glycosaminoglycan：グリコサミノグリカン ・heparan：ヘパラン ・molecule：分子 ・spherule：小球 ・fibrillin：フィブリン ・microfibllar：微小繊維 ・scaffold：足場
Following deposition onto microfibrils tropoelastin is insolubilized via extensive crosslinking by members of the lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase like family of copper-dependent amine oxidases into amorphous elastin, a highly resilient, insoluble polymer that is metabolically stable over a human lifespan.[1] These two families of enzymes react with the many lysine residues present in tropoelastin to form reactive aldehydes and allysine via oxidative deamination.[11]
These reactive aldehydes and allysines can react with other lysine and allysine residues to form desmosine, isodesmosine, and a number of other polyfunctional crosslinks that join surrounding molecules of tropoelastin into an extensively crosslinked elastin matrix. This process creates a diverse array of intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinks[12] These unique crosslinks are responsible for elastin's durability and persistence. Maintenance of crosslinked elastin is carried out by a number of proteins including lysyl oxidase-like 1 protein.[13]
Mature elastic fibers consist of an amorphous elastin core surrounded by a glycosaminoglycans, heparan sulphate,[14] and number of other proteins such as microfibrillar-associated glycoproteins, fibrillin, fibullin, and the elastin receptor.
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【Histology】
Elastic fibers stain well with aldehyde fuchsin, orcein,[16] and Weigert's elastic stain in histological sections.
The permanganate-bisulfite-toluidine blue reaction is a highly selective and sensitive method for demonstrating elastic fibers under polarizing optics. The induced birefringence demonstrates the highly ordered molecular structure of the elastin molecules in the elastic fiber. This is not readily apparent under normal optics.
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