以下は「Wikipedia」の解説文となる。
In human anatomy, the cribriform plate (horizontal lamina or lamina cribrosa) of the ethmoid bone is received into the ethmoidal notch of the frontal bone and roofs in the nasal cavities.
The cribriform plate is narrow with deep grooves supporting the olfactory bulb, and is perforated by foramina allowing the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and allows the passing of the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity. The foramina at the medial part of the groove allow the passage of the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum while the foramina at the lateral part transmit the nerves to the superior nasal concha.
A fractured cribriform plate can result in olfactory dysfunction, septal hematoma, Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSF rhinorrhoea), and possibly infection which can lead to meningitis. CSF rhinorrhoea (clear fluid leaking from the nose) is very serious and considered a medical emergency. Aging can cause the openings in the cribriform plate to close pinching olfactory nerve fibers. A reduction in olfactory receptors, loss of blood flow, and thick nasal mucus can also cause an impaired sense of smell.
【 語 句 】
・ethmoidal notch：篩骨切痕 ・frontal bone：前頭骨 ・nasal cavities：鼻腔 ・grooves：溝 ・olfactory bulb：嗅球 ・perforate：貫通する ・foramina：fofamen(孔)の複数 ・olfactory nerves：嗅神経 ・nasal septum：鼻中隔 ・superior nasal concha：上鼻甲介 ・olfactory dysfunction：嗅覚障害 ・hematoma：血腫 ・Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea：脳脊髄液鼻漏 ・infection：感染症 ・meningitis：髄膜炎 ・mucus：粘液
【Structure】
Projecting upward from the middle line of this plate is a thick, smooth, triangular process, the crista galli, so called from its resemblance to a rooster's comb.
The long thin posterior border of the crista galli serves for the attachment of the falx cerebri.
Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone, and presents two small projecting alae (wings), which are received into corresponding depressions in the frontal bone and complete the foramen cecum.
Its sides are smooth, and sometimes bulging from presence of a small air sinus in the interior.
On either side of the crista galli, the cribriform plate is narrow and deeply grooved; it supports the olfactory bulb and is perforated by foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves. The foramina in the middle of the groove are small and transmit the nerves to the roof of the nasal cavity; those at the medial and lateral parts of the groove are larger—the former transmit the nerves to the upper part of the nasal septum, the latter those to the superior nasal concha.
At the front part of the cribriform plate, on either side of the crista galli, is a small fissure that is occupied by a process of dura mater.
Lateral to this fissure is a notch or foramen which transmits the nasociliary nerve; from this notch a groove extends backward to the anterior ethmoidal foramen.
【 語 句 】
・process：突起 ・crista galli：鶏冠 ・falx cerebri：大脳鎌 ・articulate with ～：～と関節する ・foramen cecum：盲孔 ・bulge：膨らむ ・air sinus：含気腔 ・fissure：裂孔 ・dura mater：硬膜 ・nasociliary nerve：鼻毛様体神経 ・anterior ethmoidal foramen：前篩骨孔
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